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Reptiles are going extinct

World's reptiles at risk of extinction

 
A mountain horned agama lizard
 
Many lizards are under threat, including the mountain horned agama of Sri Lanka
 

Almost a fifth of the world's reptile species are at risk of extinction, according to scientists.

Research led by the Zoological Society of London found that the future of 19% of the world's reptiles are threatened.

Conservation experts also confirmed that 47% are vulnerable and highlighted the possible extinction of three species.

The figures are based on a random sample of 1,500 of the world's reptile species.

"It's essentially an election poll set up - using this sample to give an example of how reptiles are doing as a whole," explained Dr Monika Bohm, lead author of the study published in the journal Biological Conservation.

The study was made in conjunction with 200 experts from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Species Survival Commission.

 

Lava lizard basks on the head of a marine iguana

Sundarbans - largest mangrove forest in the world under threat from development

The Sundarbans – meaning “beautiful forest” in the local Bengali dialect - is the largest mangrove forest in the world, and it is under threat from development.

Stretching along the coastline of India and Bangladesh, this complex maze of mangrove trees and waterways mark the area where land meets the sea and freshwater meets seawater.

Wildllife thrive in this unique and delicately balanced ecosystem and it is home to large numbers of mammals, birds and fish. It is also one of the largest haunts of the endangered Royal Bengal tiger.

But the Sundarbans value extends beyond just providing a habitat for these magnificent animals; it also protects the densely populated Bay of Bengal from cyclones and the worst extremes of nature.

Yet, it is now, in 2013, threatened by man’s activities, including land reclamation, logging and shrimp farming. In fact, this vast tract of mud and tangles of roots is now being destroyed faster than almost any other ecosystem on Earth, removing this essential barrier and the rich habitat.

Endangered Coral Reefs in steep decline

Are we losing all of our coral reefs?

 

 

 

Great ape habitat in Africa has dramatically declined

Bonobos
 
Bonobos have less far to roam.

Great apes, such as gorillas, chimps and bonobos, are

running out of places to live, say scientists. They have recorded a dramatic decline in the amount of habitat suitable for great apes, according to the first such survey across the African continent. Eastern gorillas, the largest living primate, have lost more than half their habitat since the early 1990s. Cross River gorillas, chimps and bonobos have also suffered significant losses, according to the study. Details are published in the journal Diversity and Distributions     . "Several studies either on a site or country level indicated already that African ape populations are under enormous pressure and in decline," said Hjalmar Kuehl, of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, who helped organise the research.

 

Global alliance aims to tackle forest crime - illegal logging and timber trafficking

Global alliance aims to tackle forest crime

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Illegal logging damages biodiversity and undermines people's livelihoods.
 

Interpol and the United Nations have joined forces to launch an initiative to tackle global forest crime.

Project Leaf will target criminals involved in illegal logging and timber trafficking.

The scheme will also provide support to enforcement agencies in countries

with the biggest problems, Interpol said.

It is estimated that more than a quarter of the world's population relies on

forests for their livelihoods, fuel, food and medicines.

David Higgins, Interpol's Environmental Crime Programme manager, said that

illegal logging was no longer a issue that was restricted by national

boundaries.

"The international legislation to protect forests and curtail illegal logging

demonstrates this," he commented.

"Project leaf will ensure these global laws are supported by global

enforcement and that the criminals responsible are brought to justice - no

matter their location, movements or resources."

Project leaf (Law Enforcement Assistance for Forests) is a partnership

between the UN Environment Programme (Unep) and Interpol, with funding provided

by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation.

Measuring habitat divesity loss audibly

A landscape may look healthy, but how

does it sound, and what does that say about how its wildlife is doing?

It's a question Bernie Krause has spent much of his life trying to answer. To

do so, he's recorded the sounds of thousands of places in far-flung corners of

the world.

He coined the word "biophany" to describe these recordings. These soundscapes

have helped him show what happens to animals in stressful environments, and

explain where our language comes from.

It wasn't what he originally planned to do.

 

Bernie Krause started as a classic musician. He joined the US folk group The

Weavers in 1963, but became famous for introducing some of the biggest bands in

the world to the synthesiser in the mid-1960s.

George Harrison, Simon & Garfunkel and The Doors all learned from Krause

and his partner Paul Beaver.

Beaver and Krause composed and played the Moog synthesiser with the Monkees

and provided soundtracks for big Hollywood blockbusters. They're credited with

introducing the synthesiser to pop music and film.

But it was a chance encounter while recording an album that put Krause's life

on to a different track.

"We were doing an album for Warner Brothers called 'In a Wild Sanctuary'

which was the first album ever to use ecology as its theme, and the first ever

to use natural soundscapes as a component of orchestration," he said.

Ocean acidification = habitat loss = extinction

'Jacuzzi vents' model CO2 future

 At these volcanic vent sites, carbon dioxide bubbles up like a Jacuzzi
 

A UK scientist studying volcanic vents in the ocean says they hold a grave warning for future marine ecosystems.

These vents have naturally acidified waters that hint at how our seas might change if atmospheric carbon dioxide levels continue to rise.

They are conditions that would make it harder for corals and similar organisms to make the hard parts in their bodies.

Dr Jason Hall-Spencer's work suggests our oceans could lose perhaps 30% of their biodiversity this century.

The Plymouth University researcher has been presenting his latest findings to a major conference in Vancouver, Canada.

"I am investigating underwater volcanoes where carbon dioxide bubbles up like a Jacuzzi, acidifying large areas of the seabed, and we can see at these vents which types of organisms are able to thrive and which ones are most vulnerable," he told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).

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