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Last male of his kind: The rhino that became a conservation icon

 

Getty Images The last male northern white rhino Sudan at the Ol Pejeta conservancy Kenya (Getty Images)

Tony Karumba's photo of Sudan with his carer made the rhino a global sensation in his final year

Sudan, the world's last male northern white rhino, died in 2018. In his final years, he became a global celebrity and conservation icon, helping raise awareness about the brutality of poaching.

Chinese Yangtze river ancient sturgeon almost extinct in 2014

artifically-bred critically endangered almost extinct Yangtze river sturgeons being released into river; China
critically endangered finless porpoise yangtze river china

Ancient sturgeon in China's Yangtze 'nearly extinct'

This picture taken on 13 April 2014 shows artificially bred Chinese sturgeons released into the Yangtze river in Yichang, central China's Hubei province

The Chinese sturgeon, thought to have existed for more than 140 million years, is now on the brink of extinction, according to local media.

Xinhua reported that no wild sturgeon reproduced naturally last year in the Yangtze river.

It was the first time since researchers began recording levels 32 years ago.

Chinese researches say the fall is due to rising levels of pollution in the Yangtze river and the construction of dozens of dams.

Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences also found that no young sturgeons were found swimming along the Yangtze toward the sea during the period they usually do so.

A researcher told Xinhua that in the 1980s, at least several thousand sturgeon could be found in the river. It is estimated only around 100 fish remain.

"Without natural reproduction, the fish population cannot replenish itself. If there are no further steps taken to strengthen conservation, the wild sturgeon faces the danger of extinction," he said.

The finless porpoise, another native species to the Yangtze river, is said to be at risk as well.

In recent decades the Chinese authorities have built numerous dams along the 6,300km-long Yangtze river to boost the country's electricity supply. Such moves have drawn criticism of environmental degradation and displacement of villagers.

2014 Rarest Birds

The 100 most distinct and rare birds

Philippine's eagle: The Philippine's eagle is at number eight
philippines-eagle.jpg

The world's 100 most distinctive and endangered birds have been determined.

Scientists in the UK and US chose the birds based on their rarity, but also how distinctive their appearance, behaviour and evolutionary history was.

The list of birds contains several of the world's largest and most striking, as well as other unusual species threatened with extinction.

Included are the tooth-billed pigeon, known as the little dodo, the Philippine's eagle and a type of kiwi.

Scientists at the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), UK and Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, US created the list as part of the EDGE of Existence programme, which seeks to document the most uniquely vulnerable species on the planet.

Details of the exercise are published in the journal Current Biology.
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Giant ibis. The giant ibis stands tall at the top of the list
At number one is a bird called the giant ibis.

The largest member of the ibis and spoonbill family, the giant ibis stands over a metre tall, weighs 4.2kg and is the national bird of Cambodia. Despite this, fewer than 230 pairs remain.

Lonesome George, a giant tortoise believed to be the last of its subspecies, has died making the subspecies extinct.

Last Pinta giant tortoise Lonesome George dies

   
 

Humans killed off Australia's giant beasts

An extinct marsupial mega-herbivore
Scientists have linked a dramatic decrease in spores found
 
in herbivore dung to the arrival of humans in  

Australia 41,000 years ago.

 

 

Humans hunted Australia's giant

vertebrates to extinction about 40,000 years ago, the latest research published

in Science has concluded.

The cause of the widespread extinction has provoked much debate, with climate

change being one theory.

However, scientists studied dung samples from 130,000 and 41,000 years ago,

when humans arrived, and concluded hunting and fire were the cause.

The extinction in turn caused major ecological changes to the landscape.

The scientists looked at pollen and charcoal from Lynch's Crater, a

sediment-filled volcanic crater in Queensland that was surrounded by tropical

rainforest until European settlement.

They found Sporormiella spores, which grow in herbivore dung, virtually

disappeared around 41,000 years ago, a time when no known climate transformation

was taking place.

Up to 900 tropical bird species could go extinct.

Up to 900 tropical bird species could 'go extinct'

 

         

wire-tailed-manakin-312x176.jpg

The wire-tailed manakin faces an uncertain future

 

Up to 900 species of tropical land birds around the world could become extinct by 2100, researchers say.

The finding is modelled on the effects of a 3.5C Earth surface temperature rise, a Biological Conservation Journal paper shows.

Species may struggle to adapt to habitat loss and extreme weather events, author Cagan Sekercioglu says.

Mountain, coastal, restricted-range, and species unable to get to higher elevations could be the worst affected.

 

Birds at risk:

Venezuela's scissor-tailed hummingbird          

Crime chiefs agree to get tough on illegal tiger trade

Tiger (Getty Images/Panoramic Images) About 4,000 tigers are estimated to remain in the wild

Crime chiefs from countries with populations of wild tigers have agreed to work together in order to combat the illegal trade in the big cats.

Heads of police and customs from 13 nations agreed to tighten controls and improve cross-border co-operation at a two-day meeting in Bangkok.

Only six subspecies remain, with fewer than 1,000 tigers in each group.

Smuggling of tiger parts is one of the main threats facing the planet's remaining big cats, say experts.